Vital Nshimirimana is a Burundian human rights lawyer. In 2002, he became a member of the human rights League Iteka. In 2004, he created the Réseau des Citoyens Probes (RCP), a local NGO engaged in the fight against corruption. That same year, he joined the judiciary and became an active member of the Union of Magistrates (SYMABU), where he became chair in 2009.

Vital registered with the Burundi Bar Association in May 2013 and has prosecuted high profile cases as a recorded lawyer in the East African Court of Justice. He was elected to chair the main Burundi civil society umbrella organization FORSC in 2013.